2/28/2023 0 Comments Primer 6 statistical software![]() ![]() The R Primer provides a collection of concise examples and solutions to R problems frequently encountered by new users of this statistical software. Sixty-six references, 13 information sources, approximately 20 tables, and 5 figures are provided.Newcomers to R are often intimidated by the command-line interface, the vast number of functions and packages, or the processes of importing data and performing a simple statistical analysis. ![]() Finally, attention focuses on evaluating others' research and on judging proposed research. Data analysis techniques, such as tests of significance and statistical techniques, are described, interpretation of the results is discussed. Planning the data collection strategy is explained, and types of data sources, including observations and official records, are considered. Two principles of research designs, comparison and control, are discussed examples illustrate experimental designs, quasi-experimental designs, and passive statistical designs. The need for a problem to be divided into its component issues and for a model describing the problem's causes and consequences to be developed before research is begun is cited. Suggestions for determining whether research is appropriate are offered. Eight types of resources used to conduct applied police research are identified: time, personnel, expertise, equipment and software, cases, money, power, and imagination. The interdependence of these stages is highlighted, and the need for the research to be managed is emphasized. The five stages in the research process are summarized: defining the problem, designing the research, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and reporting the findings. Distinctions are made between descriptive and evaluative police research, and the ways in which research is useful (for example, to describe new ways to handle problems) are not. Police managers are taken step-by-step through the research process the types of decisions a police manager must make when conducting or implementing research are discussed. ![]()
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